Common symptoms
- Nasal blockage
- Difficulty breathing through the nose
- Recurrent sinus problems
- Nasal discharge
- Sneezing and nasal allergy
- Nosebleeds
- Reduced sense of smell
- Nasal polyps
When to see an ENT specialist
- A blocked nose that has lasted more than a few weeks
- Sinus infections several times a year
- Facial pain or pressure with thick nasal discharge
- A reduced or lost sense of smell
- Nosebleeds that keep coming back
- Blockage or bleeding from one side only — this should be examined promptly
Do not wait for an appointment. Sudden hearing loss in one ear, difficulty breathing, or a nosebleed that will not stop needs the hospital emergency department now, not an appointment.
How it is assessed
The nose is examined first, followed where needed by nasal endoscopy in the clinic: a thin camera is passed gently into the nose, usually after a numbing spray. It shows the drainage pathways of the sinuses, any polyps, and the shape of the septum — and you can watch on the monitor. A CT scan of the sinuses is advised when surgery is being considered or the diagnosis is unclear.
Treatment
Most people start with medical treatment: saline rinses, correctly used nasal sprays and treatment of allergy. Surgery is considered when symptoms continue despite adequate medical treatment, or when there is a structural cause such as a deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps or enlarged turbinates. Options include septoplasty, turbinate reduction and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), performed through the nostrils with no cuts on the face.
Frequently asked questions
Is sinus surgery painful?
Endoscopic sinus surgery is done through the nostrils, so there are no cuts on the face. Most patients describe a blocked, heavy feeling for a few days rather than severe pain. Recovery depends on the extent of surgery and is discussed at consultation.
Can nasal polyps come back after treatment?
They can, particularly when they are linked to allergy or asthma. Continuing the prescribed nasal spray and attending follow-up visits reduces the chance of recurrence and allows early changes to be picked up.
Do I need a CT scan for sinus problems?
Not always. Many nose problems are diagnosed with examination and nasal endoscopy alone. A CT scan is usually needed before sinus surgery.
This page is general information to help you decide when to seek care. It is not a diagnosis — the right treatment depends on examination.